Panic Disorder and other Anxiety Disorders

Panic Disorder and other Anxiety Disorders Free Online Research Papers Panic Disorder is apart of a larger class of psychological disorders known as Anxiety Disorders. Subjects with panic disorder have what are known as panic attacks which can occur at any time for any number of reasons. During panic attacks subjects will have labored breathing, heart palpitations, chest pain, intense apprehension, and fear of losing control. There are medical and psychological ways of treating this disorder. The psychotherapy way of treating Panic Disorder is known as Panic Control Treatment. Panic Control Treatment can be split up into five main sections or steps. These sections include educate and inform subject with regard to symptoms, exposing the subject to interoceptive sensations that remind them of panic attacks, cognitive-behavioral therapy, deep muscle relaxation, and assigning homework. The first step in Panic Control Treatment is to educate and inform with regard to the symptoms. You start this by diffusing the danger and reassuring the subject that his symptoms do not have fatal consequences. Start with the heart rate, subject having panic attacks experience heart rates of up to 200 beats per min. Assure the patient they are not having a heart attack and the human heart can beat that way for days. Second is suffocation. Your brain has reflex mechanisms to make you breath. If a person feels like they are going to faint it is due to rapid breathing high in their chest with leads to a decrease of oxygen in the body causing hyperventilation. The effects of any change in the level of carbon dioxide include your heart pumping harder and faster, increased constriction of blood vessels in brain (feeling of dizziness disorientation), and increased alkalinity of nerve cells, (more jittery excitable). When this occurs the subject should breathe from their diaphrag m and/or use the vasa vegal reflex which involves putting palms together in front of chest to prevent fainting. Another technique is to breathe into a paper bag to prevent hyperventilation. The weakness the body is experiencing is due to dilated blood vessels and high levels of adrenaline. Dilated blood vessels keep the blood from circulating in a functional fashion. The second step is to expose the subject to clusters of interoceptive sensations that remind them of panic attacks. They do this by having the subject perform various tasks to create the sensations. This can include spinning in a chair to invoke nausea and dizziness, hyperventilating to cause tingling, disorientation, and shortness of breath. The therapeutic effects were proved by Carter in ’95. He found that safe places make a person less likely to panic therefore the sensations do not as a matter of course lead to panic. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy is the third step or section. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy starts with the basic attitudes and perceptions concerning the dangerousness of the feared situation. This starts with identifying the danger. Subjects are expected to keep a diary of cognitions and interoceptive sensations. The diary is to be put into the form of situation, symptom security, and thoughts. For example a subject is sitting in his office and begins to choke, feel mildly dizzy, and increased heart rate. Consequently the person begins thinking â€Å"Oh I can’t have a heart attack here! People will see me and I might get fired. I’m suffocating and I’m going to faint.† Next we try to explore external stimuli as a trigger. The office in this situation could have been stuffy and/or warm which caused these feelings of suffocations. Another possibility is that the subject was under a lot of stress and had negative or fearful thoughts before the symptoms o ccurred. Not all stimuli are in awareness therefore some probing or exploring of possibilities is necessary. Lastly decatasrophize the situation by using a disputation. The fourth step is deep muscle relaxation including systematic desensitization and breaking retraining. This is effective for many different reasons. One of these reasons is that the response is incompatible with fear therefore replacing it with relaxation. Jocobson’s research conducted during the 30’s found that S.N.S. arousal is not possible when striated muscles are relaxed. It was reported that deep muscle relaxation had a direct correlation with blood pressure decrease and improvement of ulcer catilus. Wolpe’s ’58 was the first experiment to develop a method fro treating phobias with muscle relaxation. This allowed for gradual exposure to stimuli that the subject fears while maintaining control of symptoms. In order for this to happen the subject must be trained to relax all muscles in the body. After this the subject sets goals and clarifies vague complaints. The next step is to develop hierarchies. The subject will then act out these hierarchi es gradually exposing them to the â€Å"supposedly† harmful stimuli. Apart of this step is the Anxiety Scale which is a common way of rating your current state of anxiety. The therapeutic effect of this is to reduce anxiety increases before cognitive and S.N.S. arousal are excessive. The final step of Panic Control Treatment is to assign homework. A lot to the therapy and treatment for panic disorder will be conducted during everyday life. This homework includes relaxation training, and challenging catastrophic thoughts. Another part of the homework is to enact the actual tasks, such as using the hierarchies and coping statements. Coping statements are statement subject repeat to themselves based on actual experiences. The National Institution of Mental Health conducted a study on Panic Control Therapy at four separate University research centers. The study original study was headed by Barlow in 1989 and the follow up also by Barlow in ’91. The 304 subjects in the study had a baseline of five panic attacks per week and were randomly assigned to four conditional groups. The study was carried out over 12 weeks. The independent variable in the study was P.C.T. and drug treatment. The drugs used in the study were Tricyclic Antidepressants. Group 1 was given P.C.T. and the drugs. Group 2 was given P.C.T. and a placebo. Group 3 was given only P.C.T. Group four received only the drug. Groups 1, 2, and 4 all had the same results. 90% of the subjects in these groups were panic free at the end of the 12 weeks. Group 3 only saw 49% of subject become panic free at end of 12 weeks. Other studies like this one were done by Barlow and Clark ’94, Barlow ’97, and Clark ‘2001 with a 15 month follow up. At the two year follow up the subjects in Groups 1, 2, and 4 were all panic free while Group 3 got sick again. In conclusion the National Institution of Mental Health, Public Health Division issued a quote, â€Å"The psychological treatment should offered initially, followed by drug treatment, for those patients who do not respond adequately of for those who psychological treatmen t is not available!† Research Papers on Panic Disorder and other Anxiety DisordersPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Hockey GameGenetic EngineeringPETSTEL analysis of IndiaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Spring and AutumnThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Associates and Joint Ventures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Associates and Joint Ventures - Essay Example Therefore it is pertinent to analyze this practice in detail and the information to be disclosed. It also is relevant to note the underlying legal and financial guidelines that ought to be followed in all such mergers. This paper analyses the impact of the acquisition in the light of accounting parameters and will try by logical similes and examples to arrive at the proper perspective in relation to the type of dealings. We can define a merger where two individual companies become a single company and unify their entity. Strong companies seek out the less fortunate ones and then unify them into the company. Some times very strong and prospective companies also merge to create a bigger market or capture a foreign market. A company can also purchase another company and this is a purchase or consolidation. The stocks of the acquired company are sold for an agreed amount. Some tax benefits accrue. For example the buying company can write off the assets they acquire to the actual value paid for the company, and the difference between the book value and that purchase value for the assets can be charged off as depreciation over several years. An Acquisition of one company by another is a little different from a merger but not much. All of the above reasons for combining two companies apply, but instead of swapping stock or consolidating under a new corporate entity, one company simply buys another. In an acquisition, a company can buy another company with cash, with stock, or a combination of the two. The difference between the merger purchase and an acquisition depends on whether the purchase is friendly and announced as a merger or announced as an acquisition or the purchase is unfriendly. When it's unfriendly, it's always an acquisition. We are more concerned with a Holding company. The Encyclopedia Britannica defines a holding company as: "Corporation that owns enough voting stock in one or more other companies to exercise control over them. A holding company provides a means of concentrating control of several companies with a minimum of investment; other means of gaining control, such as mergers or consolidations, are more complicated legally and more expensive. A holding company can reap the benefits of a subsidiary's goodwill and reputation while limiting its liability to the proportion of the subsidiary's stock that it owns. The parent company in a conglomerate corporation is usually a holding company."i Why Have A Holding There are many business needs like expansion, new markets, new niche, and effective marketing and price control to name a few reasons other than more profits. The accounting reasons to create such a holding may be on account of tax saving, complimenting capability and resources, and share capital, technology, and risk. Important Factors to be considered The screening of prospective partners: This is done at all levels of management, not only the analysis of the company's financial history or capital. Analyzing factors like human resources, technical competency and

Strategic Planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9500 words

Strategic Planning - Research Paper Example The main branch of Delta the (Headquarter) is in Texas, United State America. This report is focusing on conducting a strategic plan for Delta Corporation Qatar (Subsidiary). The importance of this report is to sustain long-term success for the corporation. Carefully planning helps the managers to go to the right place and achieve their goals in effective and efficient ways. This report is divided into different parts. The first section is about Delta Corporation history and brief background, the core activities performed by Delta Company. The second part is about the methodology of collecting relevant data about Delta. After collecting data about the company, we will discuss the SWOT analysis â€Å"Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats† to evaluate the company situation. The analysis includes the internal and external factors. Internal factors are such as the vision, mission, financial ratios, IFE tool (internal factors evaluation matrix) to know the strengths and the weakness of the company. Furthermore, in this section, we will discuss the strategic map and the EFE (external factors evaluation matrix). For the external assessment, we will evaluate the opportunities and threats. External factors are such as porter’s five forces model. After that, we will formulate SMART objectives and the tactics need to accomplish these objec tives. Furthermore, we will discuss the implementation plan. The last part of this report is to conclude all the information that we discuss and give some recommendations to Delta Corporation.

Wizard of Oz Essay Example for Free

Wizard of Oz Essay L. Frank Baum’s The Wizard of Oz (1900) presents what might be considered America’s first fairy-tale. Certainly, few other works of children’s literature claim such a widespread and socially profound influence as this work, which is as well known as a movie and via various stage-productions as well as many contemporary re-interpretations and variations on the original theme. â€Å"There is hardly a child who is not intimately acquainted with Dorothy and her adventures{ } more than one billion people have either seen the screen version of The Wizard of Oz or read L. Frank Baum famous book[ ] It is a rare child who cannot recite the words to Ding dong, the Witch is dead, or who doesnt know what a Munchkin is. † (Cashdan 218) Baum’s story faced initial controversy: and continues to receive a share of controversy for its depth of themes and resonances. These themes are rooted in political, social, and economic aspects of the human experience and Baum’s underlying theme emerges as one which celebrates the integrity of the individual and individual liberty above accepted social hierarchies, norms, or in some cases laws. â€Å"Accepting who you are is the emotional chord that reverberates throughout The Wizard of Oz. The various psychological malaises from which people sufferanxiety attacks, phobias, psychosomatic disturbances, and the likeoften are the result of fears they harbor about what might happen if they interacted with others in an open and honest way. †(Cashdan 236) As a uniquely American fairy-tale, Baum’s novel also inverts many of the classical motifs of historical fairy-tales. Characters in classical fairy-tales often face dillemas brought upon by sin or overindulgence: greed or thwarted ambition or even revenge. In ‘The Wizard of Oz† all fo the story’s main characters deal instead with â€Å"perceived shortcomings in the self as opposed to excesses[ ] The Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, and the Cowardly Lion are convinced that they Wizard of Oz Page -2- are not as intelligent, feeling, or courageous as others. Their hope is that Dorothy will help them remedy these shortcomings[ ] helping her companions fulfill their destinies helps her fulfill her own. (Cashdan 218) Baum’s depiction of OZ is a utopian one which forwards profound political, social, and economic ideas beneath its dazzling and myth-inspired fairy-tale surface. Many readers and scholars have identified aspects of an idealized economy and social order in the Oz books â€Å"These aspects include, among others, a communal sharing of food, the elimination of money and poverty, a dearth of punishment, an absence of greed[ ] nd the virtual elimination of death or disease. † (Karp 103) Baum’s vision is a combination of pastoral and urban utopias, a vision which is epculiarly American and remains distinctive over a century past its inception. The utopia, however, is a constructed on a series of apparent contradictions: â€Å"a utopia that is simultaneously egalitarian and authoritarian; and to establish a society that values and protects individual rights, interests, and freedoms, as well as cultural multiplicity, at the same time as it promotes the value of a unified state to which individuals owe allegiance. † (Karp 103) Baum’s answer to these contradiction resides in his emphasis upon individuality and the concept of â€Å"rugged individualism,† which reacts against the subversion of the individual will within â€Å"an impersonal industrial corporation and the loss of independence and distinctness affecting wage earners in the United States[ ] Baum populates the Land of Oz with a plethora of distinct and unique characters and has a number of these characters (as well as his narrators) praise individualism and eccentricity. † (Karp 103) Wizard of Oz Page -3- Though Baum intended to entertain readers and spark their imaginations, this â€Å"populist† articulation emerged, itself, as a political imperative; the book itself inciting the individual contemplation of personal integrity, differentiation and destiny. Frank Baums goal was to please children, and the characters are both endearing and enduring. Though this narrative tale faced controversy, Frank Baum rived long enough to see it pass, and as it did the books popularity increased. (Livingston, and Kurkjian) Similarly, Baum’s utopia found allegiance to the seemingly contradictory impulses of the Gilded Age, wherein economic surplus and wealth are celebrated in tandem with individual orientation and self-actualization. â€Å"The story of an archetypal American girl in silver shoes on a road paved with golden bricks in a country named for the abbreviation for ounce would have rung loudly for an audience in the 1890s caught up in the financial question. (Ziaukas) On the yellow brick road, the creatures Dorothy finds and associates with: Lion, Scarecrow, and Tin Man, each in search of a part of themselves represent â€Å"American elements, the farmer, the worker, the loquacious politician, and the archetypal Americanness that is Dorothy, seems to have a sense that something is missing, that she or he lacks the ability to fulfill his or her destinies: the farmer feels stupid and the worker empty; the roar of the politician rings hollow. † (Ziaukas) By instilling the traditional elements of fairy-tales with tremendous social, economic, and political resonance, Baum attained a fresh idiom aimed directly at those young minds searching for the measure of the individuality in American society, forming a passionate and creative anthem of individuality and selfhood while maintaining an allegiance to a progressive social order. Works Cited Cashdan, Sheldon. The Witch Must Die The Hidden Meaning of Fairy Tales. New York: Basic Books, 1999. Karp, Andrew. Utopian Tension in L. Frank Baums Oz. Utopian Studies (1998): 103. Livingston, Nancy, and Catherine Kurkjian. Timeless and Treasured Books. The Reading Teacher 57. 1 (2003): 96+. Ziaukas, Tim. Baums Wizard of Oz as Gilded Age Public Relations. Public Relations Quarterly 43. 3 (1998): 7+.

The Dot.Com Bubble Phenomenon: The rise and fall of the first e-stock

When the internet first made an appearance in the business world, outside of government and military use, the term dot.com was introduced. The technical term â€Å".com† is defined as a suffix used to describe a company that uses the internet as a primary or only marketplace for transfer of goods and services. It was being used as a suffix to the several existing web addresses. It only took a few months for .com websites to become the dominant form of business transaction (Simpson & Simons, 1998). The phenomenon behind this story lies in the rapid rise and fall of the dot.com companies and the players, events, and mindsets that accompanied the bubble boom and bust (Simpson & Simons, 1998). In 1995 Netscape was one of the first dot.com businesses to enter the NASDAQ Stock Exchange, an automated exchange which has, since the Dot.com power struggle, become associated primarily with technology shares. At that time the NASDAQ was still not considered a technology exchange and Netscape entered the exchange. In 2000 the NASDAQ 100 Composite index peaked at 5,132 points at more than 500% from its original level in 1995. America was in the grip of dot.com hysteria and anybody with little more than an idea could launch a web-based company and become â€Å"paper millionaires† almost overnight. It is important to note that the NASDAQ 100 Composite Index only started out at 100 points (Morrison & White, 2000). The overall mentality of the business approach of investors dramatically changed from investing through business models and principles to a â€Å"gold rush† (Senn, 2000) similar to the way things occur before the stock market closes today. Many people believed that the â€Å"new economy† businesses would become the blue-chips of the future. It is note-wor... ...orrison, M., & White, C. (August, 2000). Super.Com: An analysis of message strategies utilized in super bowl ads for dot.Com companies. Paper presented at the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Phoenix, AZ. Mougayar, W. (1998, November 2). E-commerce? E-business? Who e-cares? Computerworld Parker, R. P., & Grove, C. B. (2000, July). Census bureau moves ahead on measuring e-business. Business Economics, 35, 63-65. Senn, J. A. (2000). Electronic commerce: Beyond the â€Å"dot com† boom. National Tax Journal, 53(3), 373-383. Simpson, G. R., & Simons, J. (1998, October 8). The dotted line: A little Internet firm got a big monopoly. The Wall Street Journal, pp. A1. White, C., & Scheb, J. (2000). The impact of media message about the Internet: Internet anxiety as a factor in the adoption process in the U.S. New Media and Society, 2(2), 181-194.

Respose to “He-y, Come on Ou-t!” by Shinichi Hoshi Essay

What would a life be without sunshine or moonlight, without the sound of the wind rushing through the trees, the smell of crisp autumn air, or without the feel of dewy grass brushing our feet? Our environment gives us a source of peace, happiness and relaxation. But what about a life filled with ringing cell phones, angry bosses, tight deadlines and traffic jams? Living with these aggravations causes us stress, anger and chaos, but what are the benefits? Oh, but of course! How could I forget about money! People will go to any lengths for prosperity, even as far as destroying our precious environment. Shinichi Hoshi demonstrates this mania in his short story â€Å"He-y, Come on Ou-t!†. Upon the discovery of the infinite hole, we are first introduced to man’s willingness to sacrifice the Earth’s well-being. A concessionaire claims the hole with a profitable plot in mind and launches a vigorous campaign. â€Å"We’ve got a fabulously deep hole! Scientists say it’s at least five thousand meters deep! Perfect for the disposal of such things as waste from nuclear reactors!† (154), he chanted. Since it’s not environmentally safe to dispose of nuclear waste above ground, it must be perfectly harmless to put it in ground, right? I’d hoped that the villagers would object to this ridiculous arrangement, and they did. They balked at the idea until â€Å"it was explained that there would be absolutely no above-ground contamination for several thousand years and that they would share in the profits. Into the bargain, a magnificent road was built from the city to the village† (154). I am sadly disappointed in you, villagers. You are all in the mindset of â€Å"Oh, it won’t affect us for awhile, plus we’re getting money and a new road! What could be wrong with that?† Has it not occurred to you that even though you are benefiting from this proposal, that it might be causing harm elsewhere, in serious areas such as the environment? Of course not! As human beings we â€Å"dislike thinking about the eventual consequences† (155) and are extremely ambitious, therefore being much too preoccupied with our thoughts of success and growth. Our society has become so preoccupied with visions of wealth and expansion that we’ve failed to notice the state of our weakening environment. We are â€Å"concentrating solely on producing one thing after another† (155), no matter  the price the Earth is forced to pay. I have a hard time to believe that such an intelligent species could be so horribly ignorant about such a matter. Although some are aware of the way we are wrecking havoc against our planet, so little being done to protect our earth. We all need to realize that all of our selfish and inconsiderate deeds that we are pressing upon our planet will be back to haunt us. We are sitting in the driver’s seat, chattering away on our cell phones, too engrossed to spot the danger. In the blink of an eye we see the impending collision, but it’s too late. We are all so absorbed with dollar signs that we can’t appreciate Mother Earth’s true value. â€Å"The man, however, was gazing in id le reverie at the city’s skyline growing ever more beautiful, and he failed to notice† (155).

Basic Concepts And Principles Of Good Quality Supervision

Introduction On my journey on learning about the basic concepts and principles of good quality supervision, I feel that I have started to get a good understanding of what is required of the supervisee and supervisor partnership. I will explain some of the fundamental ideas and rules, that I believe make up good supervision. 1. Analysis of basic concepts and principles of good quality supervision I have learned that the relationship between supervisee and supervisor must be of a professional and formal partnership, to deviate from this would change the dynamics of the relationship and stop both the supervisee and the supervisor being truly open. By maintaining the professional boundaries, the client will receive the best support possible as well as new skills and possible incites that the supervisee can inherit from the supervision session. â€Å"Supervision is a joint endeavour in which a practitioner with the help of a supervisor, attends to their clients, themselves as part of their client practitioner relationships and the wider systemic context and by so doing improves the quality of their work, transforming their client relationships, continuously develops themselves, their practice and the wider profession.† Hawkins P Shohet R 2012:60 I have found that to find good quality supervision, it is important to first find and meet a supervisor that has got an approved qualification and is currently registered on a recognised counselling data base, it is then important toShow MoreRelatedNursing Theory And Nursing Practice Essay1181 Words   |  5 Pagespatient care, having good human resources such as man power and well-structured collaboration among professional workers are very important. 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